五金制品行業(ye)在(zai)歷經(jing)三十多年的(de)改(gai)革(ge)開(kai)(kai)放以后，呈(cheng)現(xian)出迅速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)態勢，企業(ye)所(suo)有(you)制開(kai)(kai)始轉變為以民營(ying)為主(zhu)，企業(ye)所(suo)在(zai)地(di)(di)開(kai)(kai)始向廣(guang)東、浙江、江蘇、上海(hai)、山(shan)東等市場(chang)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)育較早的(de)地(di)(di)區集中(zhong)，這些地(di)(di)區的(de)政府(fu)開(kai)(kai)始認(ren)識到特色產業(ye)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)有(you)利于(yu)(yu)政府(fu)增加財(cai)政收(shou)入，有(you)利于(yu)(yu)產業(ye)的(de)結構優化，有(you)利于(yu)(yu)當地(di)(di)居民的(de)就業(ye)與增加收(shou)入，有(you)利于(yu)(yu)區域經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)良(liang)性發(fa)展(zhan)，因而花大力氣打造特色產業(ye)基(ji)地(di)(di)。

按照(zhao)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)行業特色區(qu)域稱(cheng)號命名管理辦(ban)(ban)法》(修訂稿)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的命名辦(ban)(ban)法來劃分：現(xian)有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都3個(ge)，即(ji)：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)鎖都(溫(wen)州)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)閥門之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(玉環)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)鈕扣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(橋頭(tou));有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)產(chan)(chan)業基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)8個(ge)，即(ji)：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)制品(pin)產(chan)(chan)業基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(小(xiao)欖)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(水口)水龍頭(tou)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不銹鋼制品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(新會)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(溫(wen)州)金(jin)屬外殼(ke)打(da)火(huo)機生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(溫(wen)州)剃須刀生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)制品(pin)(余(yu)姚(yao))生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)出口工具(ju)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(金(jin)華)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)絲網產(chan)(chan)業基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(安平);有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄉(鎮(zhen))3個(ge)，即(ji)：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)拉(la)鏈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄉(橋頭(tou))、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄉(永康)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鎮(zhen)(大新鎮(zhen))。據模具(ju)網CEO羅(luo)百輝調查，發現(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)沖(chong)壓加工件行業存在以下主要問題：

一、專業化程度低，形(xing)不成規模，經濟效益差

五金沖(chong)壓件(jian)(jian)(jian)與主(zhu)機相(xiang)比，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)建立初始資金技術(shu)所需(xu)投入相(xiang)對較少，經歷(li)國(guo)(guo)家幾次(ci)經濟(ji)(ji)大發(fa)展(zhan)時期，一批民(min)營生產企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)如(ru)雨后春筍發(fa)展(zhan)起來(lai)，但(dan)因(yin)市(shi)場(chang)需(xu)求點(dian)多(duo)(duo)、批量(liang)小，形不(bu)(bu)成經濟(ji)(ji)規模。大多(duo)(duo)數五金件(jian)(jian)(jian)生產企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)本(ben)身就大而(er)全(quan)或小而(er)全(quan)，專業(ye)(ye)化程度低，裝(zhuang)備(bei)水(shui)平不(bu)(bu)高，質量(liang)不(bu)(bu)穩定，經濟(ji)(ji)效益低。如(ru)我國(guo)(guo)電(dian)機行業(ye)(ye)三(san)家大型(xing)骨(gu)干企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)年(nian)產微型(xing)電(dian)機總量(liang)還不(bu)(bu)到國(guo)(guo)外一家著名(ming)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)50%。近兩年(nian)，我國(guo)(guo)局部地區(qu)建成上(shang)千家沖(chong)壓件(jian)(jian)(jian)廠，但(dan)年(nian)產30萬(wan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)上(shang)只有(you)(you)幾家，主(zhu)要產品為農機配套。而(er)德國(guo)(guo)力士樂(le)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)年(nian)產各種沖(chong)壓件(jian)(jian)(jian)產品130萬(wan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，日本(ben)油研(yan)(株)也年(nian)產60萬(wan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)上(shang)。工業(ye)(ye)發(fa)達國(guo)(guo)家模具企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)人均產值約15萬(wan)～20萬(wan)美元，我國(guo)(guo)只有(you)(you)4萬(wan)～5萬(wan)元人民(min)幣。羅百輝指出，近年(nian)來(lai)，隨(sui)著多(duo)(duo)種所有(you)(you)制共同發(fa)展(zhan)政策落實，五金件(jian)(jian)(jian)行業(ye)(ye)正(zheng)經歷(li)著由分散到逐(zhu)漸集集約化發(fa)展(zhan)過程。

二、資金投入(ru)不足，科研開發力量薄(bo)弱(ruo)

五金(jin)件各行業(ye)20世紀70年代末、80年代初就較(jiao)早地引(yin)進了一(yi)批國(guo)外(wai)先進技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，但對消(xiao)(xiao)化吸收缺乏足夠軟(ruan)硬件投(tou)入。據(ju)國(guo)外(wai)經驗，引(yin)進技(ji)(ji)術(shu)與(yu)消(xiao)(xiao)化吸收所需資(zi)金(jin)比(bi)例約為(wei)1:7，而我國(guo)對此認識較(jiao)晚，消(xiao)(xiao)化吸收步子較(jiao)慢。市場競爭實際上技(ji)(ji)術(shu)實力較(jiao)量。國(guo)外(wai)對此極為(wei)重視，紛(fen)紛(fen)加大(da)投(tou)入，占(zhan)領技(ji)(ji)術(shu)制高點。各大(da)著(zhu)名公司(si)用于科(ke)研開發資(zi)金(jin)均(jun)(jun)占(zhan)其銷售額4%～5%，重點領域(yu)達(da)10%。目前我國(guo)雖然有不少高等院校從事科(ke)研工作，不少理論研究、科(ke)研成(cheng)果、專利論文均(jun)(jun)有相當高水平，但與(yu)生產實際結合不緊，特別轉化成(cheng)商品速(su)度慢。

三、原材料及(ji)相(xiang)關技術落后(hou)

由(you)于緊固件(jian)(jian)、鏈條(tiao)、彈(dan)簧、軸承、模具等產(chan)品(pin)(pin)所使(shi)用國產(chan)鋼材質量差(cha)、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)規格少(shao)，直接影響了沖壓件(jian)(jian)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量。機(ji)械基礎件(jian)(jian)一(yi)般都成批、大量生(sheng)產(chan)，也有(you)多品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)、加工精度要求高產(chan)品(pin)(pin)，因(yin)此對生(sheng)產(chan)工藝及(ji)其裝備要求高，投(tou)資大。國外多采(cai)用高效(xiao)高精度專機(ji)、生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)或柔性線(xian)，實現(xian)高效(xiao)自(zi)動化生(sheng)產(chan)。但我(wo)國一(yi)些(xie)基礎件(jian)(jian)企(qi)業受資金制約，投(tou)入力度不大，企(qi)業自(zi)我(wo)改(gai)造能(neng)力差(cha)，先(xian)進設(she)備少(shao)又不配套，影響了產(chan)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)質量上(shang)檔次。